The resistance of the wire Essay Example for Free

The opposition of the wire Essay I will do this purchase putting crocodile cuts on each finish of the wire. I will at that point take the readings for the current after the wire and the voltage over the length of wire. I will at that point twofold check this by utilizing a multimeter and measure the opposition over the bit of wire. I will rehash this multiple times. I will rehash a similar strategy for the various lengths of wire. Reasonable test: I will make it a reasonable test by utilizing a similar thickness of wire without fail. I will utilize a similar measure of voltage on the battery pack each time I take a perusing. I will utilize a similar hardware unfailingly. I will likewise gauge the thickness of the wire before each perusing I take to ensure that it is consistently the equivalent. I will ensure that the temperature of the wire is the equivalent each time in light of the fact that as the temperature builds it makes the molecules move around additional, which makes more opposition as the moving particles make a superior boundary for the current. Results first Attempt Length of Wire (cm) Voltage (V) Current (Amps) Resistance (Ohms) second Attempt Length of Wire (cm) Voltage (V) Current (Amps) Resistance (Ohms) third Attempt Length of Wire (cm) Voltage (V) Current (Amps) Resistance (Ohms)â Average Length of Wire (cm) Voltage (V) Current (Amps) Resistance (Ohms) Analysis: In my expectation I said that: I foresee that as the length of wire increments so will the obstruction. I have discovered that my outcomes are really inaccurate in light of the fact that I havent determined the obstruction however I can investigation the influence the length of wire has on the current. These outcomes are inaccurate in light of the fact that the voltage shouldnt be the equivalent each time. The voltage ought to be estimated over the wire so as the length expands the voltage should diminish. The opposition is then found from plunging the voltage by the current. I can see from my outcomes that my forecast was correct in light of the fact that after the current has gone through the wire it diminishes. This is increasingly clear as the length of the wire increments in light of the fact that the present abatements as the wire increments. I can see from my normal of results that when the length of the wire has multiplied the current has nearly divided in light of the fact that when the length of wire was 30 cm the current was 0. 65 amps and when the length of wire was 60 cm the current was 0. 32 amps, half of 0. 65 is 0. 325. I can see on my diagram that my outcomes a genuinely precise on the grounds that three out of five of them contact the line of best fit and the forward point is 0. 1 amps higher than the line of best fit. My perusing for 30 cm is 1. 1 amps higher than the line of best fit. From perusing the line of best fit the perusing for 30 cm ought to be 0. 54 and I got the understanding 0. 65. The perusing for the 70 cm of wire that I got was 0. 26 however on my line of best fit it is 0. 25. I can likewise observe from my outcomes the sum at which they decline each time the length of the wire is expanded is fundamentally the same as. The distinction between 30 cm of wire and 40 cm is 9 amps, the contrast between 40 cm and 50 cm is 7 amps, the distinction between 50 cm and 60 cm is 7 amps and the contrast between 60 cm and 70 cm is 6 amps. This likewise shows my outcomes were genuinely exact and solid. Assessment: The primary thing I might want to do will be do my examination again with the goal that I can quantify the obstruction appropriately so I can check whether my expectation is truly right. I would gauge the obstruction appropriately by estimating the voltage over the wire and the plunging the voltage by the current. I can see from my outcomes that since every one of my readings don't contact the line of best fit they are not absolutely dependable. This might be on the grounds that the temperature of the wire was distinctive each time as I didn't screen the temperature or the length of the wire may not of been exact on account of the manner in which the crocodile cuts were put. I might want to improve this by utilizing pointers rather than crocodile cuts; I would do this since pointers would be increasingly precise. The pointers would be progressively exact on the grounds that the tips have an a lot littler territory than the crocodile cuts giving an increasingly precise estimation of the length of wire. Just as making these changes I would likewise improve my examination by testing a similar wire yet various widths of wire. I would do this to develop my examination.

Free Essays on Community Service Learning

at twelve years old. This returns to truly placing some idea into the amount we have throughout everyday life and how we underestimate it. My experience was generally an incredible time I really delighted in working with others and getting them out. This caused me to feel great about myself and I figure others should give it a possibility. When working and helping the youngsters out I felt as though I could identify with my work in school identifying with one specific class. This was administration, a class I am presently taking and am starting to appreciate. I can identify with this since we talk about the significance of volu... Free Essays on Community Service Learning Free Essays on Community Service Learning My involvement in doing my locale administration hours were imperative to me and uncommon for a considerable lot of various reasons. All through this paper I will disclose to you why I thought this was significant for me and everybody should attempt this too. I was really ready to become familiar with a ton and being acquainted with the circumstances I was being placed in gave me a touch of a favorable position. I additionally inclined to a decent degree how I can apply what I realized through my administrations to what I do in my regular day to day existence and how I can identify with my investigations. One of the primary reasons why I saw this experience as uncommon is on the grounds that I appreciate working with others. I truly didn’t want to get up promptly toward the beginning of the day on a few events consistently yet I finished learning a decent sum. After truly placing some idea into what I was really doing I felt awful for grumbling and not having any desire to help other people out. I truly underestimate a great deal when I consider all the things I have throughout everyday life and that is likely probably the greatest thing I have inclined. Strolling into that study hall of around ten to fifteen children around the age of twelve I was stunned. I knew nature I was going into and was readied, working with youngsters for as long as barely any summers gave me some foundation. I plunked down to assist a kid with his history schoolwork to before long discover that he difficult time in any event, scattering his words at twelve years old. This returns to truly placing some idea into the amount we have throughout everyday life and how we underestimate it. My experience was by and large an extraordinary time I really appreciated working with others and getting them out. This caused me to feel great about myself and I figure others should give it a possibility. When working and helping the youngsters out I felt as though I could identify with my work in school identifying with one specific class. This was authority, a class I am presently taking and am starting to appreciate. I can identify with this since we talk about the significance of volu...

What Does A Relationship Do For An Individual Every Relationship Betw

What does a relationship accomplish for a person? Each connection between a male and female change their present status. Having a relationship influenced me from numerous points of view in which some are acceptable and some terrible. The great and awful sides to having a relationship are lower grades, need of more cash, however a superior public activity. One of the primary reasons why understudies get lower grades are because of connections. Having the option to stay in contact with the one you have affections for removes time from your schoolwork andother things you may need to achieve. A few understudies might have the option to get their needs straight and remain on track yet its profoundly far-fetched. Your homwork accumulates gradually and you won't notice it until the day preceding all the work is expected! That'swhen you'll understand you're behind, however by then it's past the point of no return. Cash is a key factor to a relationship in light of the fact that in a relationship each couple needs to do things togetherlike watch a film, have supper, or get him/her a blessing. You might have the option to remain on target in school, have high evaluations, and so forth yet the fact is its better when you have a relationship than not having one. All things considered, for a great many people in any case. One thing without a doubt is that you'll have a superior public activity. You'll have somebody to converse with when you have issues and somebody to incline toward She can be an extraordinary solace to you if the individual really cares for you. In case you're going out with an individual becausethe individual simply has a pleasant physical appearance, than you probably won't have that extravagance, yet it is an extraordinary accommodation for a great many people. I trust this has educated everybody that read this about the great and awful sides to having a relationship. There are numerous different motivations to a relationship, yet these are the principle three things to it, in any event for me at any rate. My recommendation to everybody is, hold up until you're out of school in the event that you need a decent future, since it can truly destroy your evaluations, however on the off chance that you're willing to be tenacious and can live with less rest, at that point by all means......start a relationship. At any rate, one that will last.

Radical Policies of President Franklin D Roosevelt Free Essays

President Franklin D. Roosevelt made the New Deal program to assault the Great Depression that was plunging the country into a money related emergency; his arrangement can be said to have been an extreme takeoff from Roosevelt†s antecedents. Roosevelt was carried to control with the desire that he would start a significant move in the idea of government, and his activities following his crusade can legitimately be named Roosevelt†s forerunners can be said to have been a greater number of traditionalists than radicals. We will compose a custom exposition test on Radical Policies of President Franklin D Roosevelt or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now President Coolidge†s objective was to decrease the noteworthiness of the administration and to confine the forces of the overnment. He was substance to let the entirety of the nation†s issues work themselves out. He twice vetoed the McNary-Haugen charge, which would have radically helped ranchers by purchasing crop surpluses. President Hoover accepted that the job of the gov†t. was not to tackle the issues, yet to enable the issues to vanish. He expressed that â€Å"if gov†t tackled society†s issues straightforwardly, individuals would surrender their opportunity and gov†t. would turn into the issue. † From open weight, in any case, Hoover started to advance more straightforward took care of. volvement, starting such projects as the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the Agric. Showcasing Act, which helped ranchers by purchasing their harvest surpluses. His activities had little impact on the economy, however FDR ensured that his activities did. Roosevelt made an a lot bigger stride in utilizing took care of. contribution, all the more then some other President had done previously. Roosevelt†s theory contrasted in that he advanced direct help for the â€Å"forgotten man† in a tough situation. He didn't see anything amiss with gov†t. activism, and he decided to utilize the fed. gov†t. to attempt to recover financial development. A few projects, including the Agric. Modification Act and the National Reconstruction Administration, even permitted gov†t to turn out to be excessively included, bringing about Supreme Court enactment proclaiming them illicit and unlawful. His founded credit and value bolster programs which ranchers got reliant upon, the Wagner Act as the administrator of work the board relations, and a program to control the financial framework and monetary frameworks. At the end of the day, he essentially changed the job of gov†t in the ecomony and in the public eye by allowing gov†t more command over them. After the New Deal and the Second Hundred Days were finished, society held the desire that the Pres. furthermore, the gov†t. were liable for revising any or all issues that they had. All things being equal, Roosevelt†s radical activities had settled the economy and forestalled financial breakdown. Traditionalists contend that Roosevelt sabotaged independence and free undertaking, however he just spared the country with his thoughts and changes. Roosevelt may have utilized the fed. gov†t. seriously in the public eye, yet he spared a great many jobless laborers and helped his individual man. Instructions to refer to Radical Policies of President Franklin D Roosevelt, Essay models

6 Tips for Fighting Medication-Induced Weight Gain

6 Tips for Fighting Medication-Induced Weight Gain More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis It is not uncommon for people to gain weight when taking certain medications used to treat bipolar disorder. Medication-induced weight gain?? is one of the more typical side effects of psychotropic drug use. It can place a person in the position having to manage not only ones moods but ones weight, as well.?? There are strategic ways to deal with this. In the end, a diet plan should not be founded on drastic exercise programs or severely cutting back on food intake. Its more about viewing nutrition as part of an overall effort to improve your health. Body and mind play a part in how you manage your bipolar disorder and, by looking at treatment holistically,?? you lose weight and feel better without compromising your health. Here are some ways to do so: Keep Track of Your Calories The simple act of counting calories can help you better understand not only how much you eat but when and what you eat. This is not to suggest that weight loss programs should be based solely on numbers; rather it should be a means by which to gain awareness about how certain habits may contribute to medication-induced weight gain. Even beyond counting calories, you can keep track of the nutritional information of the foods you eat. There are plenty of free online tools that can assist. Look for one that uses reliable nutrition data sources, such as the USDA nutrient database. Eat More Fiber The types of foods you eat matter as just much as your caloric intake. To this end, focus on food rich in fiber. Fiber is the key ingredient to a weight loss program as it keeps your bowel regular, keeps you feeling fuller longer, and keeps you from experiencing fluctuations in your insulin response. By doing so, your body stores less fat, and you simply feel better. Focus on viscous fiber found in plant foods like beans (legumes), flax seeds, asparagus, Brussels sprouts, and oats. Do so as part of a balanced diet while reducing your intake of red meats and refined sugars. 14 Simple Ways to Increase Your Fiber Intake Choose Portion Control Over Low-Fat Products While eating lower fat foods is a good thing, it shouldnt be the sole focus of a weight loss program. In fact, many so-called low-fat products can end up having far more sugars their full-fat counterparts. Instead, focus on portion size. This not only helps cut back calories, but it may also increase your awareness about when you actually full. Oftentimes, having a big plate of food in front of us is something we feel obliged to eat, even when we are already full. How to Curb Your Portion Sizes In addition to volumes of food, pay attention to how fast you eat. Research has shown that it takes 20 minutes on average for your brain to receive the message that your stomach is full. So take your time, put down your fork between bites, and avoid the habit of wolfing your food down. By eating slowly, you may realize that youve had already enough even before finishing your plate. Be Wise When Choosing Calorie-Free Drinks Forget zero-calorie diet drinks saturated with artificial sugars. Focus instead on naturally calorie-free drinks that will keep you hydrated and still tempt your palate. Try replacing soft drinks and high-fructose juices with seltzer, sparkling water, or club soda infused with cucumber, mint, strawberry, watermelon, or citrus slices. Avoid caffeinated drinks, including coffee. They not only have a diuretic effect (which offers nothing in the way of real diet loss); they also act as a stimulant, which can exacerbate certain bipolar symptoms. Instead, opt for decaffeinated coffee or caffeine-free tea.   Limit Your Snacking Snacking is the killer of weight loss programs because it is driven less by hunger and more by impulse. As such, well often convince ourselves that well make up the difference in our regular meals, but it doesnt really work that way. Until you are able to constrain the snacking habit, you will never really fully take charge of a weight loss effort. The simple rule is this: avoid eating when youre not actually hungry. When you do need a snack to get you over a hump, opt for something healthy and full of fiber. Or, even better, try a glass of water or herbal tea and see if that helps. Oftentimes, we mistake thirst for hunger, and a nice glass of water may be all that is really needed to satisfy a pang. Satisfying 100-Calorie Snacks If you just cant get a snack craving off your mind, try brushing your teeth. It seems to be a trick to work for a lot of people, stimulating the taste buds without taking in unneeded calories. Never Shop on an Empty  Stomach An even better way to avoid snacking is to not buy snacks. And the best way to do this is to never shop hungry. If you head to the supermarket after a full, satisfying breakfast or lunch, youll be less prone to reach for that bag of chips or box of cookies. So be strategic and plan ahead of shopping by: Putting together a detailed shopping listNever veering from that listScheduling grocery shopping right after a satisfying meal

Mudarabah Definition - Free Essay Example

Whats Mudarabah? It is a kind of partnership where one partner gives money to another for investing in a commercial enterprise. The investment comes from the first partner who is called Rab-ul-Maal while the management and work is an exclusive responsibility of the other, who is called Mudarib and the profits generated are shared in a predetermined ratio (Aziz, 2012 pg 7). Types of Mudarabah Restricted Mudarabah (Al Mudarabah Al Muqayyadah): It implies thatRab-ul-Maal is identifying particular business or a particular place for theMudarib, in the case that he shall invest the money in (Chowdhry, 2016 pg. 5) Types of Mudarabah Unrestricted Mudarabah (Al Mudarabah Al Mutlaqah): It implies thatRab-ul-Maal provides full freedom toMudarib to undertake whatever business he considers, HoweverMudarib cannot lend money to anyone or do any extraordinary work without the approval ofRab-ul-Maal. He is also not authorized to: Keep another Mudarib or a partner. Mix his own investment in that particular Mudarabah without the consent ofRab-ul-Maal (Anwar, 2011 pg. 30). Business case Durrat Al Bahrain is considered as a hallmark resort island city, Located on the south coast of Bahrain. Offerings over 2000 beachfront villas, 3600 executive apartments and offices, luxury hotels and spa resorts, parks and entertainment (Ma, 2009 pg. 12). On 2003 Development of Durrat Khaleej Al-Bahrain Project launched. Its a US$ 6 billion joint development project owned by the Government of Bahrain and Kuwait Finance House (Bahrain). Kuwait Finance House (Bahrain) owning equal shares (50%) with the Government of Kingdom of Bahrain (Manap, 2017 pg. 10) Transaction Structure 1. Project Feasible study Collection capital Sharing Profit/ Loss Marketing project CBB Insurance Approve project Risk management department evaluate proposed project, and draw scenarios, backup plan. Presented project to CBB insurance for approval, and risk assessment. CBB hold project forecasted capital as guarantee, to reduce risk of project failure and to protect investors. Collecting and marketing project, through adding expected profit from the project. Made will be shared between the capital provider and the entrepreneur according to an agreed ratio, where both parties share in profits and only capital provider bears all the losses if occurred (Nisar, 2007 pg. 31). Why Mudarabah was successful? Low Participation in Profit Loss Sharing Arrangement: They studied the market too well and they considered offering an affordable and realistic rate to the buyers. It is the most secure product based on the feasibility studies that they have done (Nuruzzaman, 2013 pg. 32) The real state projects are always welcome and on high demand in the gulf. Advantages of Mudarabah Although this Quranic verse do not addresses straight forward the validity of mudaraba, it has been interpreted to include the intention of trading and seeking permissible income (Sadique, 2009 pg. 12) Basically, the wordmudarabat/ is derived from the Arabic word Daraba/ Which meansto strike. In Islamic Jurisprudence, mudarabat/ is such trade or business of partnership in which one party provides toanother party the capital and that other party carries on the business. Like all other trade and business the object of this business is also to earn profit by dong a business which isnot prohibited by the Shari`ah and in which no element of? Riba involves. When at the end the business earns profitthe same is distributed among the partners according to thealready agreed conditions. Thusmu darabat/ is akind of Partnership (Shir a kat) in which one partyinvests money and the other party puts his services. Advantages of Mudarabah Earn profit by doing a business which is not prohibited by the Shari`ah and in which no element of Riba involves. When at the end of the business earns profit the same is distributed among the partners according to the already agreed conditions (Khan, 2016 pg. 11) It assists in financial inclusion. Reducing the impact of harmful products and practices. It promotes the principle of financial justice Encouraging stability in investments. Accelerating economic development. Disadvantages (limitation) of Mudarabah Due to greater complexities of Islamic bank transactions, they face a greater difficulties in recognizing and handling risks as compare with a conventional bank. It is difficult to expand a business financed through Mudarabah because of limited opportunities to re-invest retained earnings and/or raising additional funds. TheMudarib cannot become the sole owner of the project except through diminishing Musharakah, which may take a long time PLS (Khaled, 2011 pg. 9) Reference List Anwar, M., 2011. Development Of Mudarabah Instruments: Understanding Their Profitability, Securitization And Negotiability Aspects. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 9(2). Aziz, F., Anjam, M., Fahim, S.M. and Saleem, F., 2012. Mudarabah in Islamic Finance: A Critical Analysis of Interpretation Implications. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(5), pp.1236-1243. Chowdhry, S., 2016. Creating an Islamic microfinance model: the missing dimension. Dinar Standard: Business Strategies for the Muslim World. Khaled, M., 2011, June. Building a successful business model for Islamic microfinance. In Global Microcredit Summit Commissioned Workshop Paper. Khan, M.A., 2012. Types of Business Organisation in an Islamic Economy. Quill Publishers. Ma, I.Z.L., 2009. How Islamic Banking System work and operate in Malaysia/Isa Ma Zi Liang (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Malaya). Manap, A., Hanna, S. and Siththi, F., 2017. Poverty Alleviation via Microfinance using the Concept of Mudharabah.? International journal of management and applied research, 4(3), pp.188-178. Nisar, S., 2007. Islamic Bonds (Sukuk): its introduction and application. Electronic Article at: www. financeinislam. com. Nuruzzaman, M., 2013. Politics, economics and Saudi military intervention in Bahrain. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 43(2), pp.363-378. Sadique M.A., 2009. Essentials of Musharakah and Mudarabah: Islamic texts on theory of partnership. IIUM Press.

Jawaharlal Nehru - Indias First Prime Minister

Subject Complement Definition and Examples

A subject complement is a word or phrase (usually an adjective phrase, noun phrase, or pronoun) that follows a linking verb and describes or renames the subject of the sentence. Also called a subjective complement. In traditional grammar, a subject complement is usually identified as either a predicate nominative or a predicate adjective. Examples and Observations The light in the chapel was warm and soft.Mrs. Rigney was my fourth-grade teacher.My fourth-grade teacher was exceptionally kind.Ruth and Thelma are my best friends, and their roomies are Tammy Hinsen and Rebecca Bogner. (Dean Koontz, Lightning. G.P. Putnams Sons, 1988)I knelt down and pulled on the edge of the stone with him, and it started to move with the sucking sound of thick mud. It smelled awful, and we looked at each other with sour faces. (Patrick Carman, The Land of Elyon: Into the Mist. Scholastic Press, 2007)The Johnson children and Harbor Branch received $169 million. But if they were the true winners, no one was the loser. (Barbara Goldsmith, Johnson V. Johnson. Knopf, 1987)The very air was alive with the uncanny cries of phantoms that flew through the secret places of this region. These mountains were unfriendly at the best of times. (David Bilsborough, The Wanderers Tale. Tor, 2007) Linking Verbs and Subject Complements If a verb requires a subject complement (SC) to complete the sentence, the verb is a linking verb. The subject complement ([italicized] in the examples that follow) typically identifies or characterizes the person or thing denoted by the subject: (1) Sandra is my mothers name.(2) Your room must be the one next to mine.(3) The upstairs tenant seemed a reliable person.(4) A university is a community of scholars.(5) The receptionist seemed very tired.(6) You should be more careful.(7) The distinction became ​quite clear.(8) The corridor is too narrow. The most common linking verb is  be. Other common linking verbs (with examples of subject complements in parentheses) include appear (the best plan), become (my neighbor), seem (obvious), feel (foolish), get (ready), look (cheerful), sound (strange). Subject complements are typically noun phrases, as in (1)-(4) above, or adjective phrases, as in (5)-(8) above. (Gerald C. Nelson and Sidney Greenbaum, An Introduction to English Grammar, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2009) The Difference Between a Subject Complement and an Object The Subject Complement is the obligatory constituent which follows a copular verb and which cannot be made the subject in a passive clause: Whos there? Its me / Its I.*She became a tennis champion at a very early age.Feel free to ask questions! The Subject Complement does not represent a new participant, as an Object does, but completes the predicate by adding information about the subject referent. For this reason, the Subject Complement differs from the Object in that it can be realized not only by a nominal group but also by an adjectival group (Adj.G), as illustrated in the previous examples. The objective case (me) is now in general use (Its me) except in the most formal registers, in which the subjective form (Its I) or (I am he/she) are heard, especially in AmE. As well as be and seem, a wide range of verbs can be used to link the subject to its Complement; these add meanings of transition (become, get, go, grow, turn) and of perception (sound, smell, look) among others... (Angela Downing and Philip Locke, English Grammar: A University Course, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2006) Agreement with Subject Complements (16c) These are the costs the grey parties never talk about when they allow the system to go on. (w2b-013:097) . . .(16h) I call them wild flowers. . . .(s1a-036:205) In those cases in which the complements are noun phrases, the subject complement shows concord with the subject S, and the object complement is in concord with the direct object, as can be best seen in the examples (16c) and (16h). (Rolf Kreyer, Introduction to English Syntax. Peter Lang, 2010) Semantic Relations The italicized portions of the following examples are Subject Complements. The upper case labels to the right indicate the semantic relation between the Subject Complement and the Subject: (4a) The venue for the meeting is the Roxburghe Hotel. EQUATION(4b) The estate car is a Volvo. PROPER INCLUSION(4c) Youre so young. ATTRIBUTION(4d) Would you still love me if I were old and saggy? ATTRIBUTION(4e) that telly was mine POSSESSION(4f) Sometimes were on a collision course, LOCATION(4g) the NHS was for all of us BENEFACTEE(4h) The five pound note was for services rendered. IN EXCHANGE The Inflection (marking for tense, aspect, mode, and agreement) in this type of construction is carried by be; therefore be is the syntactic Head of the Predicate. However, the Subject Complement is the element that expresses the main semantic content of the Predicate. In other words, the Complement is the semantic Head of the Predicate. Source Thomas E. Payne, Understanding English Grammar: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2011

Scientific Developments During the Renaissance Essay

Scientific Developments During the Renaissance Historians often refer to the renaissance as a Scientific Revolution. It was during this period that Nicolas Copernicus first suggested the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. This was groundbreaking, as previous to this it was generally thought that the Earth was stationary, and all the planets, including the Sun, orbited the Earth. It was also Copernicus theory that directly led to the discoveries of Kepler, Galileo and Newton. It could therefore be argued that Copernicus discovery was the most important of the Renaissance. However, the huge advances in the field of astronomy often overshadow many of the developments in other scientific fields, where the scientists Vesalius,†¦show more content†¦We can therefore be sure that Copernicus hugely influenced other scientists; furthermore, his discoveries are paramount to the later development of astronomical theory by Kepler and Galileo. Copernicus theory therefore, although disregarded at the time, is undoubtedly a signifi cant discovery of the renaissance period. If Copernican theory can be described as the greatest scientific discovery, then Johannes Kepler can arguably be described as the greatest scientist. Following on from the work of Tycho Brahe, Kepler was the first astronomer to use physics and mathematics to prove Copernican theory. He aimed `not to treat astronomy on the basis of fictitious hypotheses, but according to physical causes. His first book, Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596), explains his first set of findings. As Allen G. Debus explains, Kepler was sure of a mathematical connection between the planetary orbits. After calculating their respective distances from the sun, it became clear to Kepler that the Sun must, according to mathematics, be at the centre of the solar system. His mathematical treatment of the orbits of the planets also resulted in three laws, describing the motion of the planets. The first was that the orbits of the planets are elliptical, not circular. Kepler first discovered this rule for Mars, andSho w MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Neoclassical Architecture In Europe1077 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Renaissance is studded by the name of the artists and architects, with their creations recorded as great historical events† - Arthur Erickson, global architect and master planner. Throughout the rebirth of Europe, well-known artists and architects with their inventions, documented as great historical events, have benefit the lives we live today. During the Renaissance period in the late 14th century, many cultural and scientific advances were created to improve the development of Europe. ThisRead MoreThe Middle Ages And The Renaissance1137 Words   |  5 Pageshistorians, where diminutive or no developments took place. 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The European economy flourished during theRead MoreEuropean Exploration : The Age Of Discovery1128 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean states decided to partake in global explorations in the early fifteenth century. By doing so, this opened up a new chapter in world history, known as the Age of Discovery. During this time, Europe expanded to the Americas, Africa, and the Far East being the first orbit around the world. â€Å"Profound misconceptions about geography and the cultures of local populations would change very slowly throughout he early centuries of European exploration.† (The Saylor Foundation The European VoyagesRead MoreThe Causes Of The Protestant Reformation1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthe system of the Church. 2. The Renaissance has been called the birth of modernity. Why? Greek empire was known for its passion to seek out knowledge and advancement rather than physical manifestations which are more common in the Roman Empire. And after the fall of the latter empire, the Dark Ages soon followed because it referred to the lack of inquiries and academic achievements by individuals and societies alike. But after the Dark Ages, Renaissance era soon followed where scholars aroundRead MoreThe Renaissance, Baroque, And Rococo Periods1139 Words   |  5 Pageshistory beginning in the 1400’s to the mid-1700’s which we identify in art history as The Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo periods. Focusing on the influence new scientific knowledge had in the art produced during this time with specific examples from each period and artists of the time. Keywords: Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Art, History, Science, Knowledge The Renaissance Beginning with the Renaissance (1400-1600) we see a change in the subject matter being portrayed by artists of the timeRead More The Impact of Education on the Renaissance Essay694 Words   |  3 Pagesgigantic effect that education had on Renaissance society was greatly stimulated by the new development of humanism. Humanism was responsible for the curiosity of many intellects during the Renaissance, which ultimately led to the discoveries and developments that made the Renaissance such a remarkable time. It proposed a different way of thinking, unprecedented by scholars. Without humanism and the educational interest that it brought about, the Renaissance would not be known as the explosion of

Bioinformatics, Identifying an unknown strand of DNA....

Question One: Which type of BLAST search did you choose, and why? The BLAST search that was chosen for this particular sequence was the nucleotide blast, as DNA and RNA are chains of nucleotides. A, C, G and T are the nucleotides that are found in DNA. A, C, G and U are nucleotides that are found in RNA. Nucleotides are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are chains of amino acids of which there are 20 or so, which are made up of nucleotides. This particular sequence was made up of the nucleotides; Thymine, Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine, therefore, it is a nucleotide sequence, rather than a protein sequence. Question Two: What is the name of the gene? The particular gene is called AF120116. Question Three: 3A- What organism†¦show more content†¦Question Nine: How many amino acids are there in the entire protein that the unknown sequence codes part of? 401 Question Ten: State why the number of nucleotides that encode the protein is not exactly 3 times the number of amino acids that are translated. The number of nucleotides that encode the protein is not exactly 3 times the number of amino acids that are translated because the numbers in the groups of amino acids is uneven to the amount of nucleotides, meaning that the STOP codon, is translated before the end of the nucleotide sequence. Question Eleven: The protein in which the gene AF120116 encodes is named FtsZ, and is found in prokaryotes. It is structurally related to tubulin, and accumulates at the furrow between dividing cells, playing a crucial role in cell division [1]. The cellular concentration of FtsZ regulates the frequency of division and genetic studies have indicated that it is the target of several endogenous division inhibitors [2]. Only certain protists appear to have retained FtsZ, and the protein is absent from the mitochondria of fungi, animals, and higher plants. [3] Without Ftsz, it appears as though Cytokinesis wouldn’t be possible within most bacteria. References [1] Beech PL, Nheu T, Schultz T, Herbert S, Lithgow T, Gilson PR, McFadden GI. Mitochondrial FtsZ in a chromophyte alga. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2000 Feb 18, Vol. 287, Issue 5456, 0036-8075. [2] Crossley R, De Boer P, , Rothfield L. The EssentialShow MoreRelatedCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 Pages_______ in eukaryotic cells. A) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus 2. Cytoplasmic organelles are - A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. C) present in prokaryotic cells; absent in eukaryotic cells. D) absent in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 3. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain _______ DNA molecules. A) single linear B) single circular -C) multiple linear Read More4g Communication22481 Words   |  90 Pagesprocessing †¢ Solving problems †¢ Robotics Practical Impact of AI AI components are embedded in numerous devices e.g. in copy machines for automatic correction of operation for copy quality improvement. AI systems are in everyday use for identifying credit card fraud, for advising doctors, for recognizing speech and in helping complex planning tasks. Then there are intelligent tutoring systems that provide students with personalized attention. Thus AI has increased understanding of the natureRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagestypes 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status

Article the Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment Free Essays

Introduction In The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment article written by Robert Barro, it contains information regarding the generous unemployment insurance package and how it compares to the unemployment rate. Is it worth subsidizing? The author expresses his views on the unemployment rate in 2010 in comparison to the worst unemployment rate ever, which was in 1982. Obama’s administration policy; is expanding unemployment insurance eligibility to 99 weeks from the standard 26 weeks. We will write a custom essay sample on Article: the Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment or any similar topic only for you Order Now This in return would cause higher taxes to pay for the insurance program associated with the unemployment compensation. Summary The current administration is to focused on government expansion these days, they believe the cost is ineffective because the tax deductions in the package had no cut effects in the marginal income tax rates that encourage investments, work efforts, and productivity growth. The cost is ineffective because the program subsidizes unemployment, therefore resulting in insufficient job searches, job acceptances, and levels of employment. The unemployment system has the largest extension ever for unemployed workers. The author blames the Obama administration, they should have predetermined that the extension is reckless and an all around bad idea. Expanding to 99 weeks was unwise both economically and politically incorrect. Normative Arguments The normative issues associated with the state of economy and or the current policy relate to what should be rather than what is. The expansion of employment-insurance eligibility is 99 weeks compared to the standard of 26 weeks. People during this time should be resourceful looking for jobs and going to interviews, but instead people are taking the entire unemployment package as a vacation or keeping a low end job on the side. The peak of the unemployment rate in 2009 was 10. 1%, but the rate was higher in 1982 at 10. 8% with a less generous package than now. In 1982 at a rate of 10. 8% unemployment the duration of pay lasted 17. 6 weeks. Those unemployed longer than 26 weeks were at the 20. 4% long term unemployment rate which peaked in 1983 when the unemployment rate fell to 9. 4%, which then the mean of duration of unemployment reached 21. weeks and unemployment was at 24. 5%. Unemployment of less than 21 weeks plus the share of long term unemployment less than 25% (mean) in contrast to unemployment in today’s world. At the peak of unemployment in June 2010 was at 35. 2 weeks and long term reached 46. 2%. Positive Arguments The positive argument is information that supports the argument and has pre dictions about the economic relationships. The author does not agree with the Obama administration economists. They believe that if the insurance plan had been reduced unemployment would be reduced as well. The dramatic expansion of unemployment-insurance eligibility to 99 weeks is the reason unemployment is so high, because people believe that it won’t run out, or this won’t happen to me. We agree that the demand for unemployment is ridiculous, and people need a smaller time frame and more rules/regulations in order for the government to restrict people from just living off of unemployment. People take it as a joke, or as it won’t happen to me, a job will come when the time is right but for now I’ll sit back and just wait for my check. Conclusion In conclusion, the research and statistics made the article stronger. It only addresses one side of the issue which is the negative side. The normative analysis could have a little more positive feedback analysis to give his opinion more of a backbone and core to his findings. The author could go into more detail about changing the system and how people could be more positive and not sit and wait till the check or job comes to them. Works Cited Barro, Robert. â€Å"The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment. † The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment (2010). Print. How to cite Article: the Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment, Papers

Article the Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment Free Essays

Introduction In The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment article written by Robert Barro, it contains information regarding the generous unemployment insurance package and how it compares to the unemployment rate. Is it worth subsidizing? The author expresses his views on the unemployment rate in 2010 in comparison to the worst unemployment rate ever, which was in 1982. Obama’s administration policy; is expanding unemployment insurance eligibility to 99 weeks from the standard 26 weeks. We will write a custom essay sample on Article: the Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment or any similar topic only for you Order Now This in return would cause higher taxes to pay for the insurance program associated with the unemployment compensation. Summary The current administration is to focused on government expansion these days, they believe the cost is ineffective because the tax deductions in the package had no cut effects in the marginal income tax rates that encourage investments, work efforts, and productivity growth. The cost is ineffective because the program subsidizes unemployment, therefore resulting in insufficient job searches, job acceptances, and levels of employment. The unemployment system has the largest extension ever for unemployed workers. The author blames the Obama administration, they should have predetermined that the extension is reckless and an all around bad idea. Expanding to 99 weeks was unwise both economically and politically incorrect. Normative Arguments The normative issues associated with the state of economy and or the current policy relate to what should be rather than what is. The expansion of employment-insurance eligibility is 99 weeks compared to the standard of 26 weeks. People during this time should be resourceful looking for jobs and going to interviews, but instead people are taking the entire unemployment package as a vacation or keeping a low end job on the side. The peak of the unemployment rate in 2009 was 10. 1%, but the rate was higher in 1982 at 10. 8% with a less generous package than now. In 1982 at a rate of 10. 8% unemployment the duration of pay lasted 17. 6 weeks. Those unemployed longer than 26 weeks were at the 20. 4% long term unemployment rate which peaked in 1983 when the unemployment rate fell to 9. 4%, which then the mean of duration of unemployment reached 21. weeks and unemployment was at 24. 5%. Unemployment of less than 21 weeks plus the share of long term unemployment less than 25% (mean) in contrast to unemployment in today’s world. At the peak of unemployment in June 2010 was at 35. 2 weeks and long term reached 46. 2%. Positive Arguments The positive argument is information that supports the argument and has pre dictions about the economic relationships. The author does not agree with the Obama administration economists. They believe that if the insurance plan had been reduced unemployment would be reduced as well. The dramatic expansion of unemployment-insurance eligibility to 99 weeks is the reason unemployment is so high, because people believe that it won’t run out, or this won’t happen to me. We agree that the demand for unemployment is ridiculous, and people need a smaller time frame and more rules/regulations in order for the government to restrict people from just living off of unemployment. People take it as a joke, or as it won’t happen to me, a job will come when the time is right but for now I’ll sit back and just wait for my check. Conclusion In conclusion, the research and statistics made the article stronger. It only addresses one side of the issue which is the negative side. The normative analysis could have a little more positive feedback analysis to give his opinion more of a backbone and core to his findings. The author could go into more detail about changing the system and how people could be more positive and not sit and wait till the check or job comes to them. Works Cited Barro, Robert. â€Å"The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment. † The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment (2010). Print. How to cite Article: the Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment, Papers

Dick Ritger Method free essay sample

Basic Method is very strict and has you do a four step approach along with perfection within their method. Analysis of the Ritger Bowling Method Professional Bowlers Association and American Bowling Congress’ Hall of Fame bowler, Dick Ritger knows his bowling techniques as the best way to learn the fundamentals of bowling. This paper will analyze the Ritger Method and the basic four step method to determine the Ritger Method is more efficient for learning how to bowl. History/Biography of Dick Ritger Dick Ritger, the world’s best bowling teacher, was named as one of the Top 20 bowlers of the century and a top star in pro bowling because of the twenty titles he has won. One of the best things about this man is he can teach pro and amateur bowlers alike. There is no one this man cannot teach. Everyone needs coaching no matter your average you can always improve in this sport. We will write a custom essay sample on Dick Ritger Method or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mr. Ritger was a double major graduate for Physical Education and Recreation from the University of Wisconsin – La Crosse. The reasoning behind his amazingly successful Ritger Method was because of his major in Physical Education. According to Dick Ritger Enterprises, â€Å"His worldwide teaching has covered 24 countries on five continents including, Asia, Europe, Australia, South and North America, with many countries using the Dick Ritger structured, systematic progressive teaching program as their base. † Awards and Recognition July 1995, Dick was given the World Bowling Writers Distinguished Service Award and also given in 1998 the John Martino award for his â€Å"Outstanding Contribution to the Sport of Bowling†. (Dick Ritger Enterprise, 2002) In addition to these two awards he has been recognized nationally, here are some of his achievements: †¢ Named one of the â€Å"Top 20 bowlers of the century† †¢ 20 titles on the PBA tour †¢ Acclaimed around the world as the best bowling instructor †¢ BPA, ABC Hall of Fame, President of PBA †¢ Five time Bowling Magazine All American Team Member Four time leader of the ABC Tournament 10 year average list †¢ University of Wisconsin La Crosse Hall of Fame (Dick Ritger Bowling Camps, 2013) Ritger Method Dick Ritger is known worldwide for his Ritger Method, some people ask whats so great about his method. This specific method integrates exclusive methods of different styles of bowling and different ways to teach those styles. T he best part about his method is that you don’t have to adjust your style of bowling to be a great bowler. His method will make it so you can improve in the comfort of your style of bowling. Dick Ritger has bowling camps around the United States that have astonishing coaches that have been trained by Mr. Ritger himself. These excellent coaches will teach you a few things such as: release, balance, timing, reading lanes, strike pocket adjustments, and spare shooting. Results from these camps are phenomenal, you will consistently be making shots and overall have better knowledge for bowling. Basic Four Step Method The basic four step method is all about posture. Yes posture is a good thing when you want to get better at bowling but as a bowler myself I would want to feel comfortable when I bowl and not feel like a robot. This method wants you to keep your head up and shoulders straight according to the body. Coming from a bowler this method makes you uncomfortable because it is not the way you would think is correct. According to www. bowlingtechniques. net the proper posture is: first it’s the way the ball is being held, then the release, aiming, and then the walk up to the foul line. (Bowling Techniques and Introduction) All of these are essential to being a successful bowler but it is difficult to have someone change from their style of bowling to a style of bowling that is not comfortable for the bowler. This method does produce excellent bowlers like Norm Duke and Chris Barnes but that doesn’t mean that every single person can succeed in this specific method. Compare and Contrast from Bowlers perspective From my personal experience being taught both the Ritger Method and the basic method I would coach and share everything that has to do with the Ritger Method because it is something that makes me feel comfortable within my own style of bowling. I started bowling fourteen years ago with the basic method and it worked for a while then nothing else was happening. I was introduced to the Ritger Method in 2009 and my average has increased by 56 pins and my accuracy and consistency have remarkably increased. Primary Research Proving that the Ritger Method is remarkably better than the basic method was not difficult to prove. The reason I say that is because most PBA bowlers have been trained by Dick Ritger and have learned so much from him. There are three out of five bowlers in the PBA Tour Season that use the Ritger Method: Mike Fagan, Chris Barnes, and Josh Blanchard. Mike Fagan is in 1st place right now for the Tour. He has been using the Ritger Method ever since he joined the PBA. Now Sean Rash is a remarkable player but he uses the basic method and he is in 2nd place for the PBA Tour. Back in 2011-2012 PBA Tour he got player of the year and has been tearing up the lanes since then. (Goodger, 2013) I get that some people strive and excel from being coached certain ways but Mr. Ritger is one of the best coaches in the world for a reason. Just because someone can do really good learning from the basic method does not mean they are the best. Same with the Ritger Method but you have a better chance of improving with this method over the basic method. Conclusion Having said that I will always agree with the Ritger Method because I believe it brings people into this sport knowing they don’t have to change their own style to grow in the sport and have fun while doing it.

PG case study free essay sample

Brand equity can be defined as the added value awarded on products and services. It may be reflected in the way consumers think, feel, and act with respect to the brand, as well as in the prices, market share, and profitability the brand commands (Kotler Keller, 2009). Additionally, Brand equity is an intangible asset built up by a company overtime by building awareness, having a well-known name or a clear identity, consistent communications, marketing to the consumer, acting socially responsible, and spending on advertising and promoting the brand. Procter Gamble (PG) has been known to be one of the most skillful marketers of consumer packaged goods and also the company holds one of the most powerful groups of trusted brands. Developing brand equity is vital as it allows companies to more effectively engage with their customer base in such a way that drives brand loyalty, allowing the business to grow further. We will write a custom essay sample on PG case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page PG energies brand loyalty due to its numerous capabilities and philosophies. Some of the capabilities are huge market research and intelligence gathering, active product innovation, brand management system and also quality strategy in which the company designs and improve products of high quality in ways that matter to consumers. Therefore, developing brand equity is important because the products associated with the brand command a premium price in the market and is perceived to be higher quality when compared to the similar generic unbranded products. Brand equity also offers competitive advantages by reducing the marketing costs to companies that enjoy high â€Å"Brand Equity† such as PG as a result of high brand awareness and loyalty and thus enhances their earnings. 2. What are the key factors when considering a brand strategy? A branding strategy categorizes which brand elements a company chooses to apply across the various products it sells (Kotler Keller, 2009). Firstly, market size can be considered as a factor when considering a brand strategy. When the market size for the product is large or small, the company can choose to use product branding strategy or existing brand respectively. Another factor can be innovativeness and technology; entirely new product category or a major technology breakthrough presents special problems in branding. The company has to make sure that the success of the product brings recognition to the company. PG is an active product innovator, devotes about $2 billion every year to RD and part of its innovation process is to develop brands that offer new consumer benefits. Competitive situations could be another factor. When the competition is fierce, there is a huge need to highly differentiate the product offering. This requires communicating specific consumer benefit and the brands personality dimensions. Furthermore, marketing costs is another factor to consider. PG’s purpose for internationalizing the brands is economies of scale and scope. What is successful in one country is simply brought to another. Each single brand does not necessarily exist in all markets. For instance, the cost advantage with PG’s type of branding strategy, which is product branding, is as mentioned previously economies of scale and scope.

Sample Compare and Contrast Essay

Sample Compare and Contrast EssayIn this article I'm going to show you how to write a sample compare and contrast essay sample. It's easy to get confused when you first start writing an essay, and it's really important that you write a sample compare and contrast essay in the first place. It will also make it easier for you to revise and rewrite later if you have to.There are two different kinds of essays that you'll need to write. First of all you'll need to write an analytical essay, in which you'll have to do something like compare two or more items that have a lot of similarities and differences to each other. For example, you might compare your brother's boxers to his boxer shorts, and your mother's designer handbag to her car's glove compartment. You could also compare your baby with a chubby version of his sibling or compare your dad's shoes to his shirt cuff.After you've done the comparison, you need to look at the different parts of the items, and tell the reader how they we re similar and how they were different. For example, my brother's boxers were blue, but my sister's boxers were brown. Similarly, my mother's designer handbag was white, but my dad's shoes were black.This is much harder than it sounds, and so you should probably hire a professional to write a long list of things that you're supposed to do, and then just focus on one of them at a time. For example, if you're comparing two shoes, you could write an essay on your brother's boxers and compare them to my sister's designer handbag. Or you could write a long essay about your brother's boxers and compare them to my mother's designer handbag.You need to be sure that you stay focused throughout the entire essay. Don't take breaks from the main topic, and don't start to edit your work until you've completed the comparison. To make things even harder, if you're doing both a short-term comparison and a long-term comparison, you can't really edit your work unless you've actually written the short -term.Now that you've got a few samples to follow, it's a good idea to keep a rough draft of your sample compare and contrast essay on hand. This will help you as you go back and rewrite your essay after you've done the comparisons.In summary, here's what you should write a sample compare and contrast essay. As long as you keep your focus on the items in your essay, you'll be able to write a much better essay than you would if you had to write the whole thing by yourself.

Malaria Research Paper essays

Malaria Research Paper essays Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite that lives both in mosquitoes and humans (9). Malaria lives in tropical and sub-tropical areas such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Haiti, India, The Dominican Republic, Africa, Papua New Guinea, and Central and South America (3). Malaria is one of the largest diseases around the world. About one out of every 20 people on earth, almost 300 million people, suffer from malaria yearly. Almost 2 million of those 300 million people die each year. Many new drugs are being tested to prevent malaria but no sure vaccine has been discovered (1). Malaria has terrorized this earth since the mid-Pleistocene age. No one knows just when malaria showed up in the Western Hemisphere however. Many say that malaria roamed the New World before the Europeans came over. Yet others will tell you that the Western Hemisphere had no contact with malaria until the end of the fifteenth century. Many other diseases similar in destruction as malaria were brought over from the old world from Europe and Africa (5). Malaria limited colonization all over the world. West Africa and Northern Australia were major hot spot for malaria attacks during the colonization of those areas. Malaria also resulted in many casualties in wars form Ancient Greece to Vietnam and present (2). The Old World supposedly gave malaria to the New World. However, the New World found the first effective treatment for the disease. In 1632, a piece of bark form a Peruvian Tree was taken to Europe by a Spanish priest. The bark was soon found to be a remedy to the constant feve rs. Malaria was extremely active in Ancient Rome and Europe. However, it is proven that the malaria back then was much less destructive than it has been in recent centuries. This is because P. falciparum, the most deadly type of malaria, was not present back in Ancient Europe. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the History of malaria is unknown for quite some time in Ancient E...

How to quit your job and actually travel the world

How to quit your job and actually travel the world No matter how much you like your job, chances are you’ve spent some time daydreaming about what it would be like to walk into your boss’s office, quit on the spot, and then put all your energy into traveling and enjoying the world. But actually doing it may not be as crazy as it sounds! If the wanderlust is getting stronger than ever, then maybe you should think about how you can make this daydream happen. Let’s look at some of the first steps you can take toward becoming a professional globetrotter. Be realistic about your finances.Unfortunately, the nonstarter for many of us is that the money will run out eventually- and you really don’t want that to happen while you’re stranded halfway across the world. If you’re thinking about making your travel goals happen, make sure you have a strong savings game  and a very specific budget for your new Bohemian lifestyle. And it’s never too early to start your financial prep- start cutting ba ck on things now to help you build your travel savings account. Only set out when you have enough for your adventures  plus a hefty cushion for emergencies and easing your way back into real life once your travel adventures are over.Start hoarding vacation days.If you’re serious about quitting your job sometime in the near future, start saving up your vacation days. Most companies will pay you for unused vacation time when you leave your job. And if you have vacation time that accrues throughout the year (instead of being available all at once), plan your big resignation date for a point when you’ll have maximum time accrued. The key here is to think long-term. When you’re exploring job options, if travel is ideally in your future you should negotiate vacation time/accrual into your contract. Even if you can’t get a salary bump, an extra week of vacation could be just as valuable for your future jet-setting.Find ways to make extra cash on everyday activ ities.There are a lot of loyalty programs, credit card incentive programs, and other everyday tools that give consumers money or points back when they use a card or service. If you have access to these programs (like Ebates), take advantage of them. You should also consider getting (or using) cards with strong rewards or cash-back programs for money spent on travel or hospitality. Travel sites like Hotels.com or Expedia.com also tend to have rewards programs, awarding points that can be redeemed for more travel.Live like a local.Staying in four-star hotels around the globe sounds fantastic, but for most people it’s not terribly realistic. If you want to maximize your travel budget, look into local options for â€Å"couchsurfing† or Airbnb-type programs. However- and I can’t emphasize this enough- always do your research to make sure you’re using reputable services that have policies in place to ensure your own safety and security.If you plan financially, and think realistically about your means, a globetrotting existence can be the ultimate alternative to the workday grind. Once you start putting in the work of planning and researching your new life, you may find that it’s far more attainable than you ever thought possible!

Financial Crisis Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Crisis Assignment - Case Study Example Its effects were far reached and almost everyone on the globe was impacted by it on some level. Those who were closer to financial markets and deeply involved in the investment business faced greater impacts and are still incurring huge losses. This crisis raised questions that pointed fingers on the functioning of the global financial markets. The liquidity crisis was triggered by a bunch of policies that were implemented by the United States banking system to promote massive investment and growth in the economy. Nevertheless, what started as an attempt to increase consumer spending and encourage investor confidence soon turned out to be the underlying weakness in the financial system. The imbalance in the global economy became too massive for any individual government to control and with the passage of time it only worsened. A critical part was played by the developed economies whose excessively loose monetary policies during the early part of this decade contributed in widening th e gap between the West and the East. It is very interesting to know that the budget deficit of the United States was at an all time high during 2006-2007, while on the other hand huge surpluses were being recorded in Asia, particularly China and other oil exporting countries of Middle East. If we look at figures they reveal a clearer picture, the current account balance as a percent of GDP for US was -4.7%, while for China, Saudi Arabia, Russia and UAE was 10%, 28.9%, 6.1% and 15.8% respectively. Analyzing the figures it clarifies that even after the West was generating billions of dollars in revenue, the global net flow was concentrated towards the Eastern giants as they were becoming powerful by the day. This can be strongly attributed to the fact that the gap between the saving-investment function was extensive and this gap was only widening with time since developing countries started relying more heavily on developed economies to provide for their development expenditures. Ther e were some direct impacts of these huge cross-border financial flows on the financial intermediation process. (Mohan) One of the major causes of the crisis is attributed to the sub-prime lending in the housing industry in America. In order to increase the share several banks gave loans to individuals who were doubtful of paying back their installments in the future. Nevertheless, since in the short run it would show an artificial boast in the economy along with a positive growth of the company many bankers and financial institutions to fulfill their personal interest gave top notch credit ratings to doubtful individuals. This resulted in a massive spending in the housing sector even though it was clear this was only short-lived. Banks gave loans on negligible interest rates at times even below 1%, showing the extent of how eager they were to raise their customer base. The financial sector was involved in a personal struggle to widen its customer base. Derivates were used to inject huge sums of money from the investors in the market, but these derivatives were passed on to other investors and so on. The original derivative holder had no idea who was in possession of his derivative as it was a long chain that no one was aware of. The derivative market surpassed the whole US GDP number and according to estimates in 2010 the US GDP stood at $14 trillion dollars compared to the $300 trillion derivative market. It is apparent that the market was financially diluted and

MBA MARKETING PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

MBA MARKETING PAPER - Essay Example cess of interaction between the organizations and consumers is undergoing a significant change and hence the process of marketing communication has also changed significantly over the past few years. The big question is that how this changed communication would influence the overall marketing concepts. Today internet is utilized as a great medium of marketing. Organizations have been almost forced to use internet as a medium of marketing mainly because of changing consumer behavior with respect to the change in communication process. With the increase in number users of World Wide Web and internet there would be more use of these two as a medium of marketing communication. There are several operational and commercial advantages that internet provide to the marketers. In reply marketers should properly use the platform of internet as there are opportunities of delivering the contents in varieties of ways. The applicability of internet in the marketing communication process has shown t hat there is huge difference in information and the vehicle that is used to deliver information. According to the discussion in the article, internet is such an agency that enables marketers to integrate different aspects of marketing communication. Marketers can integrate different off line and online tactics with the objective of meeting the overall long term strategic goal of the organization. In internet dominated market place consumers are considered as active participants rather than passive recipients in the communication process. This actually has challenged the functionalist view of communication because today after the arrival of World Wide Web and internet, traditional and hegemonic media has been integrated and converted into a hyper electronic market place where the process of communication between the consumer and the marketer are more dialogic and flexible. Previously marketers are found to be more dependent on some traditional mechanistic communication models and this

Impact of e-commerce

Impact of e-commerce E-commerce is the process of managing online financial transactions by individuals and companies. This includes business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-government (B2G) transactions. The focus of e-commerce is on the systems and procedures whereby financial documents and information of all types are exchanged. This includes online credit card transactions, e-cash, e-billing, e-cheques, electronic invoices, purchase order and financial statements. E-commerce is particularly concerned with the technologies that enable EDI-type functionality on the Internet. To be done an internationally agreed working definition of e-commerce it was accepted the need for three dimensions to be spelt out as part of the definition process. These dimensions relate to the: Networks over which the relevant activities are carried out; Processes that ought to be included within the general domain of electronic commerce; and Actors involved in the transactions. Networks are specified through broad and narrow definitions. The broad definition considers an electronic transaction to be the sale or purchase of goods or services, whether between businesses, households, individuals, Governments, and other public or private organizations, conducted over computer mediated networks. The goods and services are ordered over those networks, but the payment and the ultimate delivery of the good or service may be conducted on- or offline. The narrow definition considers an Internet transaction to be the sale or purchase of goods or services, whether between businesses, households, individuals, Governments, and other public or private organizations, conducted over the Internet. The goods and services are ordered over the Internet, but the payment and the ultimate delivery of the good or service may be conducted on-or offline. Concerning the processes that ought to be included many countries want to restrict the definition to the purchasing and selling aspect incorporated in the above definitions, many others want to include other types of business processes, such as marketing and advertising. Developing countries will also favour a definition that includes business activities that go beyond purchasing and selling, given the restrictions that some of those countries face in conducting online payments. E-commerce is often described as being one of three varieties business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C) or business-to-government (B2G). Much of the interest and the literature has focused on B2B and B2C electronic commerce and most of the statistical indicators have also been in respect of these two forms. About 80 per cent of the total value of electronic commerce in the world today are accounted for by B2B e-commerce. It provides also the greatest potential benefits in terms of productivity gains. B2C e-commerce has the potential to substantially affect the way in which people live and interact with each other and is therefore a key aspect for statistical measurement. Only a small number of countries have so far undertaken much work with respect to the measurement of B2G e-commerce. E-commerce today is very much a business-to business affair. Enterprises in developing countries should not let themselves be fooled by the much higher visibility of the business-to-consumer dotcoms. Those enterprises in developing countries that make goods or deliver services that are necessary for the productive process of other enterprises are the ones that should first consider incorporating the Internet (which does not necessary mean the web) as an instrument to enhance their opportunities to complete and grow. Due to the lack of reliable and internationally comparable e-commerce statistics, numerous national statistical offices have started to collect data on e-commerce and, generally, the use of ICT and the Internet. They have the advantage of guaranteeing the confidentiality of the collected data, having a more neutral position when it comes to collecting and interpreting the data and being able to use their existing methodologies and infrastructure for data collection, processing and analysis. Some countries are already benefiting from the results: they are now in a position to benchmark their economies with competitors internationally; they are able to identify the number of qualified people needed to advance their countrys information economy or to calculate the amount of investments needed to provide business with access to the Internet. There are several important steps involved in collecting e-commerce-related data. First, a country needs to decide what kind of data it wants to measure, reflecting the level of its e-commerce activity. Most developing countries would be probably focus on collecting readiness indicators, such as the number of businesses with computers and access to the Internet, and intensity indicators, such as the number of businesses the receive orders over the Internet and the value of those orders. But how does one define these indicators? The member States of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have agreed on the above-mentioned working definition of e-commerce that could be used in the measuring process. The definition includes the network over which e-commerce is carried out (Internet or other), the specific business processes related to e-commerce and the different actors involved (business, households or Governments). On the basis of this definition, a set of priority indicators for e-commerce has been established by a number of internationa l and national bodies. Examining the e-commerce important question is what impact ICT and the Internet have had on the productivity growth. It reduces transaction costs; allocates recourses better; increases economies of scale; improves the competitiveness of business in general; increases efficiency; generates important changes in the management and production processes of business. Acceleration of the growth of productivity is notified but the reason for this is rather controversial. However the UNCTAD secretariat agrees that there are reasons to believe that much of the acceleration of productivity growth is structural and attributable to changes induced by ICT and the Internet, through improvements in all aspects of corporate organization, production, finance, marketing and logistics. Although the speed at which companies in several advanced countries invest in ICT has decreased in the past few months, in the medium term there are several reasons to expect that ICT will continue to support rapid productivity growth. First, the cost of computing power is predicted to keep falling at a steep rate for several years. Secondly, most enterprises are still learning how to reorganize themselves in order to benefit fully from the Internet. Finally, in many countries there is a lot of catching up to do in the application of ICT to business. As firms in other developed economies and, most importantly, in developing countries engage in e-business, global productivity growth should accelerate. We should have a look at the process of moving from traditional to online payment. Online versions of nearly all-existing payment methods are appearing rapidly. Conventional financial instruments with online analogues include cash, money orders, giro transfer, cheques, drafts, notes and bills of exchange. The existing modes of third-party protection against the risks of non-payment and non-performance, including documentary credit, credit insurance, bonding, factoring and forfeiting, are also rapidly developing their online equivalents. The same applies to wholesale payment systems, including so-called automated clearing house (ACH) networks, wire transfers for large-volume payments and interbank payments networks. Credit and debit cards are principal payments instrument in B2B and B2C e-commerce. The move from cards with magnetic strips to smart cards with multifunctional chips that include security features is the next Internet-centered stage in the development of the payments cards industry. In parallel, Internet technologies to provide security in online payments have been evolving. Still the most widely accepted standard, is the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), a set of built-in browser protocols designed initially by Netscape to protect card-based financial transactions on the Internet. A more secure and complex bank-centered Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) software is being used more and more by online payments providers. In the field of Internet banking ACH debits and credits, as well as domestic and international wire transfers became possible with systems such as the Bank Internet Payment System (BIPS). The Society for Worldwide Inter-Bank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) also started its move to the open Internet platform. Banks and financial services companies in the developing countries will need to adopt online payment systems and practices that will meet their clients new needs arising from a shift to e-commerce. They will need to adopt systems that address the key issue of concern to users, namely security, confidentiality, identification of sellers and buyers, verification of buyers solvency guarantee of delivery. To obtain e-trade finance and equity investment, companies from developing countries need to be registered in local, regional and global Internet-based commercial risk database. For that, company registries, public courts, accountancy and audit, and other business-related services should undergo substantial enhancements. Non-bank financial services such as credit information, credit insurance, factoring and leasing should develop. Local banks should adapt to e-banking and move online their customer credit risk databases, and their individual and corporate customer payment services and financing, including trade finance instruments. Tourism and its Internet incarnation, often called etourism, is regularly cited as one of the fastest growing e-commerce sectors. Considering the importance of the tourism economy for Bulgaria and many other developing countries, and in particular its role as an employer and earner of foreign currency, the need to maintain and increase competitiveness through adopting e-commerce best practice is acute. The main actors in the tourism industry include Governments, tour operators, distributors and wholesalers, hotels, airlines and other transport operators, and most important of all, the tourists themselves. Each of these actors has a stake in the development of the electronic market and will be affected in different ways by electronic commerce. Tourism is an interesting sector for appreciating the potential of electronic commerce for the economies of developing countries in several respects. Tourism is a sector in which a significant number of developing countries have established competitive advantages over the years and it has remained largely a traditional service activity in which, until recently, buyers, sellers and intermediaries were well defined. Tourism producers and destination organizations in developing countries that adopt the Internet and e-commerce best practice have a chance to improve their competitiveness by producing better products, with greater tailoring to clients, more efficiently, faster to market with less waste and fewer inputs, and at better prices. Infomediaries in developing countries should develop their e-business strategy having in mind the technical capacities of their national or regional tourism producers for using Internet technologies. Solutions must be appropriate for both consumers and producers. The fundamental challenge is to take the traditional tourism product, delineate its information from its physical components, and selectively manage them using Internet and e-commerce technologies. The winner in the competitive etourism game will be the company that inspires consumer confidence, through quality data and physical product performance, and is able to offer a comprehensive yet tailor-made product. While Internet and e-commerce technologies offer unprecedented possibilities for interactivity and dialogue, traditional surveying and gauging tools estimating customer preferences and satisfaction are still very relevant. Footwork and face-to-face interviewing may be a necessary starting point for building a B2B network or business web. Market research, whatever the technology or even without technology, is a hugely important activity. A fundamental factor for success is to speak the language of the prospective customers. A successful etourism strategy must assess the linguistic origins of its major client groups and replicate Internet content in their languages. Understanding their Internet habits and ways of learning, openness to on-line dialogue and attitudes towards privacy, as well as the underlying legal system. Online payment facilities for retail clients using credit cards are an absolutely fundamental business toll that must be made available to the national tourism sector. Destination marketing organizations (DMOs), be they government bodies or business associations, can favourably contribute to modernizing the tourism industries of developing countries. DMOs can provide a voice to the fragmented industry producers in promoting their requests to the financial authorities and banks to provide them with online payment. When online payment is in place DMOs may, on behalf of the entire tourism industry, negotiate with domestic banks better terms and conditions for online payment than particular tourism companies would manage on their own. DMOs may be instrumental in informing their tourism industry about secure transactions and risk management techniques. Most of the above actions cannot be implemented without empowering and enabling people to take advantage of new Internet and e-commerce technologies. E-commerce and Internet technology can improve communication and can make doing business easier. The ability of people at both ends of the message or transaction to use these technologies is a precondition for their wide adoption and impact. In conclusion, it is expected that in the few years the productivity gap between the European countries and the United States (leader in e-commerce activities) will close rapidly as European productivity growth increases faster than that of the United States. This process is known as convergence in productivity. Convergence in productivity takes place when the countries that lag behind the technological frontier grow more rapidly in productivity than the leading countries. The same could be true for developing countries, with a reasonable degree of readiness. The impact of e-commerce on developing countries could be even stronger than that on developed countries because the scope for reducing inefficiencies and increasing productivity is much larger in the developing countries. To summarize, by cutting costs, increasing efficiency and reducing time and distance, e-commerce could become an important tool for development. Impact of E-Commerce Impact of E-Commerce Jay Kybert   As the retail industry develops, more services are introduced to entice customers to use their shops. There are varieties of services that are being used by companies to attract attention and make it easier for customers to use their websites, in the hope of increased revenue. Services like Next-Day Delivery tempt customers to purchase their item sooner, since it will arrive the following day. This makes increased profits for the company by charging for the service. These services essentially persuade the customer to buy the product at a higher price but with (usually) a faster delivery, tracked item, etc. Since E-Commerce is becoming increasingly popular, traditional retail businesses are losing money since fewer customers shop in stores. Larger companies have the resources and money to create optimised websites that allow their customers to shop on the internet. This leads to a negative economic impact for smaller businesses but, as an entire society, a richer economy as there are new ways to shop. Also, socially, fewer people will be shopping in stores. This could lead to retail shops closing from a lack of revenue, especially in smaller businesses that cannot support themselves with a lack of funds. Bricks and Clicks is a new approach to commerce in its entirety. The name Bricks and Clicks refers to physical retail stores (Bricks) and online shopping (Clicks). As E-Commerce grew in popularity, businesses realised they can make a greater profit from online shopping; this is called Bricks and Clicks because they have both physical stores as well as an online store. There are benefits and drawbacks to both approaches (Physical vs Digital), but having both increases the range of the potential audience. This is because physical stores may attract people who are simply walking past the shop or people who are regular customers. Having a digital store on top of this targets (potentially) every person with an internet connection. Companies can increase traffic to their website by advertisements on popular websites, directly increasing awareness of the brand. One of the main benefits for customers using E-Commerce is the availability. Physically shopping requires going to the nearest shopping centre, looking for the specific shop and finding the wanted item within it. Online shopping provides an easy alternative available whenever. Being able to access the website whenever (unless it is down for maintenance) makes it easier for anyone wanting to buy a specific item, as they dont have to consider the closing time for the shop. In addition, people who have unusual work hours at their job may struggle with physical stores as they close in the evening. Therefore, having the option to buy from a store whenever using the internet provides an easier alternative. Online shopping isnt perfect; there are problems with the financial side, especially whether companies can be trusted. After a customer enters their information (Name, address, credit/debit card, etc.) the company has a responsibility to protect that information from unauthorised sources, the most common being hackers. There is always the possibility, and it has occurred, that major corporations have been hacked and their customers information has been released to the public or sold. However, as hacking becomes increasingly common, internet security is improved to prevent it. Internet shoppers shouldnt just worry about the website being untrustworthy, malware and other viruses could steal the information from the computer, the most common being a Keylogger. As the name suggests, it is either a physical hardware component installed into the computer or a program that logs all of the keystrokes on the computer. This is one way that information can be stolen not directly from the websit e. E-Commerce has, and will continue, to have an effect on employment. If people start to only shop online, store workers may lose their jobs because of financial difficulties. However, delivery services will have to hire more employees to keep up with the demand of online shopping. In addition, since companies require websites for online shopping, website developers, network administrators and a variety of server-related jobs are needed. Therefore, people working in retail stores may lose their jobs if people continue to isolate themselves from physical shopping and choose online shopping. However, more job opportunities open up relating to technology. The social divide is becoming more important as technology progresses. People with little income focus on essentials before purchasing luxuries. Therefore, it would be difficult for people with little income to purchase a computer or another electronic device capable of online shopping. However, since the majority of people can afford, and use their electronic devices for shopping, companies target these people since they make up the majority. This affects the companys decisions, for instance, they may begin to close down retail stores and instead focus on E-Commerce. This doesnt affect people who have enough disposable income to purchases these devices, but it does affect people with little income. This leads to these people struggling to shop, since they cant afford the platform needed for online shopping. Therefore, leading to a social divide between people with little disposable income and people with greater disposable income.

The Elegy in Thomas Gray and Shelley

LYRIC AND THE INNER LIFE COURSEWORK ‘Elegy is about mourning for one’s own condition’ Stuart Curran, ‘Romantic Elegiac Hybridity’, in The Oxford Handbook to Elegy (Oxford, 2010), ed. Karen Weisman, p. 249 Discuss Curran’s comment in relation to the work of Thomas Gray and Percy Bysshe Shelley. ‘One of the major tasks of the work of mourning and of the work of the elegy is to repair the mourner's damaged narcissism'[1]. This quote by literary critic Peter Sacks, flourishes from Sigmund Freud's model of primary narcissism which suggests that ‘we love others less for their uniqueness and separateness, and more for their ability to contract our own abundance, that is, to embody and reflect back that part of ourselves that we have invested in them'[2]. Sacks expands this coalescence in his criticism of elegies such as Milton's Lycidas and Tennyson's In Memoriam. Using this model of narcissism and literary mourning along with key aspects of history, language and critical reviews, I will explicate how an ‘elegy is about mourning for one's own condition[3] in Thomas Grays' Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard and Percy Shelley's Adonais, Before delving straight into how the poems serve as elegies to the poets themselves, I will first discuss how the poems appear and attempt in their best capacity not to do so. Samuel Johnson famously commented on Gray's Elegy saying that ‘The Churchyard abounds with images which find a mirror in every mind, and with sentiments to which every bosom returns an echo'[4]. The portrayal of such a literary universality springs from the poem's apparent mourning of the common man. Gray laments a ubiquitous sense of mortality, paying homage to the archetypical ‘weary plowman'[5] who falls prey to ‘dumb Forgetfulness' (85) and lies forgotten in his ‘lowly bed' (20). This notion that the poem ‘is life in its most general form, reinterpreted so as to speak to mankind generally, where all men are comparable and consciousness seeks a universal voice'[6] can be understandably gathered from a superficial analysis of the poem. The poem is not just an elegy, but a pastoral elegy, a literary form that encompasses idyllic rustic life with death, a technique employed by Gray to enhance his mournful depiction of the common, simple man who labours away unfulfilled only to die unremembered. Phrases such as ‘mopeing owls' (10), ‘twitt'ring swallows' (18) and ‘ecchoing horns' (19) create the image of a bucolic and generic place, one where villagers engage in rural and generic activities – ‘oft did the harvest to their sickle yield' (25) and ‘how bow'd the woods beneath their sturdy stroke' (28) The constant use of third person plural pronouns such as ‘they', ‘their' and ‘them' allow the reader to merge these villagers into one, once again echoing the universality of the poem. Although the title tries to deliver a place for the poem, ambiguous descriptions such as ‘the glimmering landscape' (5), ‘the distant folds' (8), ‘the upland lawn' (100) and the ‘custom'd hill' (109), accentuate the poem's attempt to be nowhere and everywhere. Marshall Brown in his essay Gray's Churchyard Space' suggests that â€Å"everything and nothing is shared with all and none in a world that is nowhere and everywhere†[7]. This displacement coupled with the fact that the poem refers to no one in particular, creates a sense of timelessness in keeping with it's universality, thereby supporting Johnson's credo that ‘The Churchyard finds a mirror in every mind'[8]. Marshall Brown further reveals that the ‘poem evokes the possibility of a language and a consciousness beyond station, beyond definition and beyond identity'[9]. Gray accomplishes this by the illustration of an all-encompassing world. The poem drifts from a ‘solemn stillness' (6) to the ‘cock's shrill clarion' (19), from a ‘blazing hearth' (21) to a ‘frozen soul' (52), from ‘parting day' (1) to the ‘incense-breathing morn' (16), from the ‘desert air' (56) to the ‘smiling land' (63), etc; creating an image of the world that comprises all heights, weather, feelings and time. Gray's exploration of the opposite poles of class, the ‘pomp of pow'r' (33) and ‘simple annals of the poor' (32), and his empathy for the poor rather than the rich – ‘nor you, ye Proud, impute to These the fault, if Mem'ry o'er their Tomb no Trophies raise' (37-38), heightens this indiscriminate sense of inclusion and the all-embracing voice of his elegy. Thus we see how Gray tries to attribute a sensitivity that amplifies the appeal of his apparently universal elegy, as seen by this uote from Stephen Cox's essay, Contexts of Significance: Thomas Gray – that ‘the individual self [in the Elegy] is significant even when it lacks any visible signs of significance, such as power, wealth, or social recognition'[10]. Thus, we see how it can be interpreted that Thomas Gray's elegy focuses on a common condition rather than his own, but a closer analysis reveals that the all-embracing attempts made by Gray in the poem is part of a manipulation to create a n image that adequately appeases his own narcissism. Firstly, although he paints a generic and timeless world he also places himself far away from it. The poem is seeped in an isolation that springs from Gray's differentiation of himself from the world he's creating – ‘The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, the lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea, the plowman homeward plods his weary way, and leaves the world to darkness and to me' (1-4). From the start of the poem itself we are plummeted into the poet's segregation from the rural, rustic all encompassing world, and into the image he creates of himself as the poetic lonely outsider. Wallace Jackson in his essay Thomas Gray and the Dedicatory Muse, supports this when he says that ‘Gray's ideal self is situated like a melancholic outcast and the village oddity. He is constellated in a poetic heaven, in any event, alone'[11]. While Gray spends the first 23 stanzas expounding his sensitivity for the ‘unhonored Dead' (93), the next 9 stanzas are wholly based on him and the image he tries to further enhance of his ‘mindful' (93) and ‘lonely' (95) self. Howard Weinbrot in his essay Restoration and the Eighteenth Century, points out that ‘no one in particular is being mourned as the elegy opens, but it soon become clear that the speaker is mourning his own repressed potential'[12]. The shift between referring to himself as ‘me' (4) in the 1st stanza to ‘thee' (93) at the start of the 23rd stanza, elucidates a respect he demands for his shallow efforts to praise the common man. Andrew Dillon in his essay Depression and Release, includes a reference by Ketton-Cremer, Gray's biographer – ‘the man of reading and reflection often feels an envious admiration for the man of physical skill'[13], and this is seen in the parallels Gray draws between himself and the villagers, who in death resemble the same ‘fame and fortune unknown' (118) of Gray. However, he shatters this connection through his elaborate and verbose epitaph for himself. While the simple ‘bones' (77) of the forgotten ‘plowman' (3) rests beneath ‘some frail memorial erected nigh' (78), Gray's memorial is far from ‘frail' – ‘Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere' (121). Jackson confirms this in his essay, when he says that the poem's ‘motive is grounded in a further, yet concealed, rendering of the self-image, present especially at the close of The Elegy'[14]. Freud's belief that melancholia is a consistent form of mourning can be seen in his epitaph for himself – ‘melancholy marked him for her own' (120) and ‘he gave to misery all he had' (123). This coupled with the undercurrent of still sadness that permeates the poem places Gray in a constant state of mourning. On a simplistic level, the epitaph echoes his application of a universal mortality unto others and himself, but what is more haunting is the thread of fatalism that laces these last few stanzas. Dillon writes, ‘the Elegy can be read as a journey of recognition conceived in dusk and worked out – not in a miasma of depression – but in the light of symbolic self-destruction'[15]. The quiet acceptance Gray achieves seems to transcend the idea of everyman's mortality, and is rather an active realisation of his own. In the line ‘Ev'n from the tombs the voice of Nature cries, ev'n in our Ashes live their wonted Fires' (91-92), Gray moves away from the constant grouping of the villagers (they, their and them) to include himself (‘in our ashes') tilting the poem towards his own self-destruction. Dillon explores this in his essay when he contemplates ‘whose ashes are these? They are those of the safe dead, yet they also form a melancholic, personal estimation of the poet – alive but in the ashes of an entombed self'[16]. Thus we see that Gray is aware of the image he is creating of his own condition. His reference to himself in third person in the words of the Swain divulges his yearning for a posthumous sympathy. This along with his concern with the way he is perceived, his reconstruction of himself in death and his self-appointed social position in his glorious epitaph, all seal the idea that in fact he is trying to repair a ‘damaged narcissism'[17] and in doing so is ‘mourning his own condition'[18]. Unlike Gray, whose poem appears to mourn the common man, Shelley's Adonais remembers one man in particular – John Keats. However, this specificity does not detract from the idea that, similar to Gray, Shelley's elegy is intwined ith his own condition as well. The disquieting refrain ‘weep for Adonais – he is dead! ‘[19] is instrumental in diverting the readers attention from Shelley onto Keats, constantly reiterating the idea that the elegy is about Adonais – a name he assigned to Keats that amalgamates the Greek myth of Adoni, and Adon ai, the Hebrew word for God. However, our first instinct that the poem isn't just about Keats springs from its historical background. Shelley, upon hearing of Keats death, was convinced that Keats was killed by the envenomed reviews of Keats' longest poem, Endymion. This belief is reflected in the classical allusion to Adoni, a youthful man who met an early and untimely death when he was killed by a wild boar, an event symbolic of Keats' apparent death by cruel reviews. In Nicholas Roe's Keats and History, he reveals that on the 8th of June 1821, Shelley requested his publisher Charles Ollier to ask Keats' friends the exact circumstances of his death, and ‘transmit to me any information you may be able to collect and especially as to the degree in which, as I am assured, the brutal attack in the Quarterly Review excited the disease by which he perished'[20]. Roe uses this letter to suggest that although this request ‘may arise from Shelley's characteristic attention to historical detail', it also reflects something else: an appetite for a history already conceived, a history the outlines of which applied to Shelley himself, for the Quarterly had also taken aim at his poetry and character'[21], thus proposing that Shelley's own wounded narcissism is tied to his portrayal of Keats' death. Stanza 37 of Adonais reveals this bitterness towards the critics – ‘And ever at thy season be thou free to spill the venom when thy fangs o'erflow: remorse and contempt shall cling to thee! ‘ (329-31). Shelley, who even now is closely associated with Keats, was an avid admirer of Keats' work. The godly portrayal of Keats in his poem reveals this reverence – Shelley calls him a ‘star' (494) and places him in league with Thomas Chatterton, Sir Philip Sidney and Marcus Lucan, poets who died young and never received the chance to flourish to the maximum of their literary prowess. Though Shelley considered himself a lesser poet, he felt they shared a common thread. In regard to Adonais, he is known to have written, ‘the total neglect and obscurity in which the astonishing remnants of his mind lie, was hardly to be dissipated by a writer, who, however he may differ with Keats in more important qualities, at least resembles him in that accidental one, the want of popularity'[22]. This connection that Shelley felt they had explains his outrage at the critics' reviews, as they dashed the growing popularity of Keats and Shelley many a time. Eleanor Hutchens in her essay Cold and Heat in Adonais says ‘the earlier part of Adonais suffers from an artificial chill, cast over perhaps by Shelley's primary intention not of mourning Keats but of using a fellow poets death as an occasion for expressing certain attitudes of his own'[23]. This belief isn't entirely true; although it is certain that Shelley uses Keats' death to battle the critics that scorned them, there is a significant difference in the two acts – that of mourning and that of expressing his opinions – as they are inevitably and exclusively related with each other, as seen in Clewell's credo that ‘By resuscitating the other in memory, the mourner attempts to reclaim a part of the self that has been reflected on to the other'[24]. To Shelley, Keats is a part of him and he is a part of Keats, as seen when he says ‘I have lately been composing a poem on Keats, it is better than anything I have yet written, and worthy both of him and of me'[25]. Shelley believes that in writing the elegy and in mourning Keats they are both experiencing a sense of liberation and resolution. This idea is seen in the first stanza itself when Shelley says ‘with me died Adonais' (6-7) and recurs throughout the poem, especially in stanza 34 when Shelley describes one of the mourners at Keats' grave – ‘All stand aloof, and at his partial moan smiled through their tears; well knew that gentle band who in another's fate now wept his own' (300). In the case of Shelley's elegy, the major disquietude of its reflection on his own condition lies in the fact that it acts as elegy for him without meaning to. It transcends Shelley's narcissistic intentions, echoing beyond even the time of composition. In Roe's Keats and History he says that ‘Indeed one of the posthumous fates of Adonais itself was its retrospective (or uncannily prophetic) application to Shelley'[26]. Adonais was an elegy for Shelley himself in that it foreshadowed his own early and untimely death. Peter Sacks stated that ‘Shelley's conclusion to the poem is ‘profoundly disturbing' when we remember, as we must, that Shelley died a year later at sea'[27]. Some believe his death wasn't accidental and a product of years of depression that lead to his eventual self-destruction, a theory perhaps encouraged by the suicidal tone in the last stanzas of Adonais – ‘What Adonais is, why fear we to become? ‘ (459). But whether this is true or not, Shelley's association with Keats is undeniable, especially considering that a book of Keats' poems was found in the pocket of Shelley's jacket that confirmed the corpse was his. After Shelley's death, his wife Mary is known to have said ‘Adonais is not Keats's, it is his own elegy'[28] and his dear friend Leigh Hunt confirmed that Shelley himself said the poem was ‘more an elegy on himself than the subject of it'[29]. Shelley's cousin, Thomas Medwin beautifully wrote in Memoir that ‘there was, unhappily, too much similarity in the destinies of Keats and Shelley: both were victims of persecution, both were marked out by the envenomed shafts of invidious critics, and both now sleep together in a foreign land'[30]. Thus, we see how both poems reflect a situation stemming from the poet's own condition. While Andrew Dillon believed that ‘the Elegy works because of the exquisite beauty of its language and the psychic complicity of the minds of readers with that of Thomas Gray'[31], critic Katherine Duncan-Jones felt that ‘Adonais is fundamentally an elegy on one poet by another, a poem whose force comes more from the problems and concerns of the living poet, than from the precise character and circumstance of the dead one'[32]. Both poems exhibit a damaged narcissism that the poets try to appease or console through the act of mourning, whether it is Gray's desire to be remembered in a perfect melancholic image of himself, or Shelley's to chastise the embittered critical reviews that plagued his career and Keats'. However, the sense of isolation, fatalism and admiration in their poems evokes a posthumous and timeless sympathy in readers that cannot be disregarded, particularly in the case of Shelley, even if we are aware that they mourn themselves. Bibliography: Bieri, James, Percy Bysshe Shelley: a Biography (Massachusetts: Rosemont Publishing, 2005) Brown, Marshall, â€Å"Gray's Churchyard Space†, in Preromanticism (California: Stanford University Press, 1991), pp. 42-8. Clewell, Tammy, ‘Mourning Beyond Melancholia: Freud's Psychoanalysis on Loss', Journal of the American Psychoanalytical Association, 52. 1(2004), p. 46-48. Cox, Stephen, â€Å"Contexts of Significance: Thomas Gray†, in The Stranger within Thee: Concepts of Self in Late-Eighteenth Century Literature (Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1980), pp. 2-98. Curran, Stuart, ‘Romantic Elegiac Hybridity', Oxford Handbook to Elegy (Oxford: Oxford Printing Press, 2010) Dillon, Andrew, â€Å"Depression and Release†, North Dakota Quarterly, 60. 4 (1992), pp. 128-34. Duncan-Jones, Katherine, â€Å"The Review of English Studies†, New Series, 22. 86 (1971), p. 75-171. Gray, Thomas, Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard: with the complete works of Thomas Gray (Virginia: Peter Pauper Press, 1947) Hutchens, Eleanor, â€Å"Cold and Heat in Adonais†, Modern Language Notes, 76. 2 (1961), p. 24. Hurtz, Neil, The End of the Line (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009) Jackson, Wallace, â€Å"Thomas Gray and the Dedicatory Muse†, ELH, 54. 2 (1987), pp. 277-98. Roe, Nicholas, Keats and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) Shelley, Percy Bysshe, The Selected Prose and Poetry of Shelley (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1994) Weinbrot, Howard, â€Å"Restoration and the Eighteenth Century†, Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 18. 3 (1978), pp. 537-551. ———————– 1]Tammy Clewell, ‘Mourning Beyond Melancholia: Freud's Psychoanalysis on Loss', Journal of the American Psychoanalytical Association, 52. 1(2004), p. 48. [2]Clewell, p. 46. [3]Stuart Curran, ‘Romantic Elegiac Hybridity', Oxford Handbook to Elegy (Oxford : Oxford Printing Press, 2010), p. 249. [4]Neil Hurtz, The End of the Line (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), p. 73. [5]Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard: with the complete works of Thomas Gray (Virginia: Peter Pauper Press, 1947), line 3 (all subsequent references will be made in the body of the text). 6]Marshall Brown, â€Å"Gray's Churchyard Space†, in Preromanticism (California: Stanford University Press, 1991), pp. 42-8. [7]Brown, pp. 42-8. [8]Hurtz, p. 73. [9]Brown, pp. 42-8. [10]Stephen Cox, â€Å"Contexts of Significance: Thomas Gray†, in The Stranger within Thee: Concepts of Self in Late-Eighteenth Century Literature (Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1980), pp. 82-98. [11]Wallace Jackson, â€Å"Thomas Gray and the Dedicatory Muse†, ELH, 54. 2 (1987), pp. 277-98. 12]Howard Weinbrot, â€Å"Restoration and the Eighteenth Century†, Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 18. 3 (1978), pp. 537-551. [13]Andrew Dillo n, â€Å"Depression and Release†, North Dakota Quarterly, 60. 4 (1992), pp. 128-34. [14]Jackson, pp. 277-98. [15]Dillon, pp. 128-34. [16]Dillon, pp. 128-34 [17]Clewell, p. 48. [18]Curran, p. 249. [19]Percy Shelley, The Selected Prose and Poetry of Shelley (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1994), line 1 (all subsequent references will be made in the body of the text). 20]Nicholas Roe, Keats and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 23. [21]Roe, p. 23. [22]Roe, p. 33. [23]Eleanor Hutchens, Cold and Heat in Adonais, Modern Language Notes, 76. 2 (1961), p. 124. [24]Clewell, p. 47. [25]Roe, p. 33. [26]Roe, p. 36. [27]Katherine Duncan-Jones, â€Å"The Review of English Studies†, New Series, 22. 86 (1971), p. 75. [28]James Bieri, Percy Bysshe Shelley: a Biography (Massachusetts: Rosemont Publishing, 2005), p. 239. [29]Bieri, p. 239. [30]Roe, p. 36. [31]Dillon, p. 128-34. [32]Jones, p. 171.